沙生针茅种子萌发特性及其影响因素

利用控制试验研究了不同温度蒸馏水水分、盐分胁迫等生态因子对沙生针茅种子萌发的影响,探索了沙生针茅种子对各种生态因子的适应性。结果表明:(1)蒸馏水浸泡种子,以60℃温水浸泡、自然降温至常温12h最好;(2)低温处理与未经低温处理的种子发芽率差异不显著(P0.05),说明沙生针茅种子不存在生理后熟因素影响;(3)随着PEG-6000浓度的增加,沙生针茅种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数呈下降趋势,种子发芽率的PEG-6000浓度的临界值和极限值分别为15.9%和26.3%;(4)沙生针茅种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数随着盐分浓度的增加呈下降趋势,其中Na2CO3处理下的沙生针茅种子萌发率下降幅度明显大于NaCl,表明沙生针茅种子对相同质量浓度的Na2CO3的耐受能力显著低于对NaCl的耐受能力。     

干旱地区次生盐碱地主要造林树种抗盐指标的确定及耐盐能力排序

我国西北干旱地区次生盐碱地的主要造林树种的抗盐碱上限指标：新疆杨可以在土壤含盐量＜ｇ／Ｌ时生长正常；杜梨＜４ｇ／Ｌ；；柠条＜７ｇ／Ｌ；花棒＜５ｇ／Ｌ；沙棘＜６ｇ／Ｌ；沙枣＜４ｇ／Ｌ；枸杞＜７ｇ／Ｌ；梭梭＜３０－５０ｇ／Ｌ；胡杨＜８ｇ／Ｌ；树柳＜５０ｇ／Ｌ；杨柴＜６ｇＬ。     

桑树砧木耐盐性比较

将不同地区采集的6种桑树砧木进行盐（NaCl）胁迫处理,根据不同桑种实生苗的相对生长量、盐害指数的统计分析,对桑树砧木耐盐性比较、评价.结果表明,桑树砧木耐盐性由高到低分别是安徽的华桑、新疆的白桑、河北的鲁桑、安徽的鲁桑、江苏的山桑、广东的广东桑.     

滴灌条件下4种树木生长发育规律的研究

通过对南疆干旱地区荒山绿化所采用的胡杨、沙枣、柽柳和白榆等4种主要造林树种在滴灌条件下的生长发育规律进行研究,结果表明:4种树木在滴灌条件下根系分布存在着明显差异;生长高峰期到达的时间不同,白榆生长高峰期最长,其次为沙枣、胡杨、柽柳;4种树木耐盐程度不同,柽柳耐盐性最强,在总盐含量2.26%的情况下,尚能生长。     

花卉大棚土壤积盐规律的研究

在对寿光市花卉大棚土壤进行取样分析测定的基础上 ,通过对大棚栽培条件的积盐分析 ,进一步对大棚积盐规律、土壤内可溶性的盐分组成进行了分析     

魔芋葡甘聚糖接枝共聚物的合成及其抗菌活性

考察了一种实验室自制的魔芋葡甘聚糖季铵盐衍生物(KGM-g-DMAE-BC)的合成以及抗菌性能。正交试验优选出的最佳合成条件为:反应温度70℃,单体质量比(mKGM∶mDMAE-BC)1∶5,引发剂用量0.7 mmol/L,反应时间3 h。悬菌定量实验结果表明:KGM-g-DMAE-BC(接枝率为38.5%)对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及白色念珠菌有较强的杀菌作用,在振荡作用15 m in后,平均灭杀率分别为99.99%、94.26%和99.99%。     

Salt distribution in response to optical stratification porosity and relative windspeed in a coastal forest in Niigata, Japan

Wind velocity, vertical stand structure and seasalt distribution were measured at various heights inside a plantation of coastal pine forest, with thinning and unthinning, to assess whether any relationships exist between the wind profile, stand structure and seasalt distribution in the coastal pine forest. The vertical stand structure, i.e., optical stratification porosity (OSP), which is defined as vertical distribution of the proportion of sky hemisphere not obscured by tree elements inside a forest stand, was determined for each height by computer analysis of digital images taken with a hemispherical lens. The distribution of OSP in the coastal forest follows the Lambert-Beer's law with absorbency coefficient (). The relative windspeed within canopy can be described using the exponential form with the attenuation coefficient (). The sea-salt was collected using salt gauze (a surgical dressing of loosely woven cotton) both inside and outside the coastal forest, and the distribution of sea-salt within canopy was also in accordance with an exponential function. The relationships among windspeed, OSP and sea-salt indicate that the distributions of both sea-salt and windspeed within canopy were very closely correlated with the distribution of OSP. A linear relationship between OSP and sea-salt has been found. Additionally, linear regression between coefficients and has been obtained as well. Based on these relationships between OSP, wind and sea-salt in the coastal forest, the sea-salt distribution and wind profile within the canopy of the coastal forest can be predicted according to OSP. These results may therefore be useful in analyzing the effects of sea-salt on vegetation and evaluating the filter functions of coastal forests.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

胡杨叶片基态渗透值的研究*

胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv.)是我国西北干旱地区盐渍化土地上的主要造林树种之一。近十年来,我国有些学者通过野外调查、田间试验等方法,对胡杨独特的抗盐性进行了广泛研究,但有关胡杨抗盐性生理机制方面的研究还很少,为了探讨胡杨的抗盐性机理,我们在1989年采用初始质壁分离法,对胡杨叶片的基态渗透值进行了研究。     

An agroforestry practice for the development of salt lands usingProsopis juliflora andLeptochloa fusca

High salt concentration in the soil is a serious problem in vast areas of otherwise productive agricultural lands in India. Establishment of salt tolerant vegetation could be an effective way of ameliorating this problem. In an 8-year field trial on an alkali soil, growth and biomass production ofProsopis juliflora was greater in sole stand than when interplanted with the grassLeptochloa fusca, but soil improvement was greater for the mixed tree-grass treatment.Prosopis accumulated substantially more biomass nutrients when in sole stand, but total nutrient recycling was similar with and without grass. Less salt tolerant but more palatable fodder crops such asTrifolium resupinatum, T. alexandrium andMelilotus denticulata were successfully grown withProsopis after removingL. fusca in theProsopis plus grass treatment 50 months after commencement. Tentative economic analysis suggests theProsopis plus grass system gives higher returns. TheProsopis-Leptochloa system combines production with biological reclamation, and is an appropriate form of reclamation agroforestry for alkali lands.